How Solar Works

Sunlight is changed directly into electricity using solar cells.

The Science of Solar Energy

Solar cells are small, square-shaped panel semiconductors made from silicon and other conductive materials, manufactured in thin film layers. When sunlight strikes a solar cell, chemical reactions release electrons, generating electric current.

Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System Components

PV system components include PV modules (groups of PV cells), which are commonly called PV panels; an inverter to covert solar power from direct current (DC) to the alternating current (AC) of the utility grid-connected system; wiring; mounting hardware or a framework: and a solar monitoring system. A PV module arranges individual PV cells, and the modules are grouped together in an array.

Sunlight Requirements for PV Systems

A photovoltaic (PV) system needs unobstructed access to the sun’s rays for most of the day to be effective. Shading on the system can significantly reduce energy output. At night or on very cloudy days, when your system is not producing enough to meet the household’s usage needs, the household will consume electricity from the utility grid. The abundance of year-round sunshine makes California one of the best states in the nation for solar energy.